Chilean Darwin Wasps (Ichneumonidae): biogeographic relationships and distribution patterns

Pádua, Diego G.; Moreira-Muñoz, Andrés; Morales-Fierro, Vanezza; Araujo, Rodrigo de O

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dc.contributor.author	Pádua, Diego G.
dc.contributor.author	Moreira-Muñoz, Andrés
dc.contributor.author	Morales-Fierro, Vanezza
dc.contributor.author	Araujo, Rodrigo de O
dc.date.accessioned	2024-08-22T14:49:42Z
dc.date.available	2024-08-22T14:49:42Z
dc.date.issued	2024
dc.identifier.uri	http://repositorio.ucm.cl/handle/ucm/5602
dc.description.abstract	Ichneumonidae, or Chilean Darwin wasps, are an important component of South American hymenopteran diversity, but the taxonomic and distributional knowledge on this insect is still deficient. Taking advantage of recently updated taxonomic knowledge, we assessed biogeographic relationships at the genus level and biodiversity spatial patterns along the latitudinal gradient. The results show the presence of 264 species in Chile, arranged in 102 genera and 22 subfamilies. Biogeographic relationships are based on six elements (cosmopolitan (n = 50; 36%), endemic (n = 29; 21%), Neotropical (n = 22; 16%), Holarctic–Oriental (n = 19; 14%), south-temperate (n = 16; 11%) and Australasian) and composed of just three genera: Anacis, Labena, and Meringops. Species and genera show a bimodal distribution along the latitudinal gradient: around 34° and 38° S. From an ecoregional perspective, richness is concentrated in the Valdivian temperate forests, but when assessed at a 0.5 × 0.5 cell scale, several outstanding cells are in the contact zone between the temperate forests and the Chilean Matorral. On the other hand, the Atacama Desert shows little or no presence of Darwin wasps. The results agree with Charles Porter, who identified a northern province composed of Neotropical and cosmopolitan genera with their own representatives in the far north (11 genera), a distributional gap in the core of the Atacama Desert, and around 128 genera in Porter’s Neantarctic realm, covering all of Chile from 25° S to Cape Horn, including the Juan Fernandez islands. These results reinforce knowledge gaps and the need for more sampling and studies of available collections. Due to sampling gaps at this stage, identifying a continued increase or decrease in richness towards higher latitudes is not possible. More taxonomic and distributional information is also needed to assess potential threats to endemic genera and species.	es_CL
dc.language.iso	en	es_CL
dc.rights	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Chile	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/cl/	*
dc.source	Insects, 15(6), 415	es_CL
dc.subject	Biodiversity	es_CL
dc.subject	Chile	es_CL
dc.subject	Cosmopolitan	es_CL
dc.subject	Endemism	es_CL
dc.subject	Faunistic elements	es_CL
dc.subject	Holarctic	es_CL
dc.subject	Neotropics	es_CL
dc.subject	Parasitoid wasps	es_CL
dc.subject	Richness	es_CL
dc.title	Chilean Darwin Wasps (Ichneumonidae): biogeographic relationships and distribution patterns	es_CL
dc.type	Article	es_CL
dc.ucm.indexacion	Scopus	es_CL
dc.ucm.indexacion	Isi	es_CL
dc.ucm.uri	mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/6/415	es_CL
dc.ucm.doi	doi.org/10.3390/insects15060415	es_CL