Optimal activation ratio of the scapular muscles in closed kinetic chain shoulder exercises: A systematic review

Méndez-Rebolledo, Guillermo; Morales-Verdugo, Juan; Orozco-Chavez, Ignacio; Habechian-Zamuner, Fernanda A.; Lara Padilla, Eleazar; Berral de la Rosa, Francisco J.

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dc.contributor.author	Méndez-Rebolledo, Guillermo
dc.contributor.author	Morales-Verdugo, Juan
dc.contributor.author	Orozco-Chavez, Ignacio
dc.contributor.author	Habechian-Zamuner, Fernanda A.
dc.contributor.author	Lara Padilla, Eleazar
dc.contributor.author	Berral de la Rosa, Francisco J.
dc.date.accessioned	2021-11-22T17:31:18Z
dc.date.available	2021-11-22T17:31:18Z
dc.date.issued	2021
dc.identifier.uri	http://repositorio.ucm.cl/handle/ucm/3497
dc.description.abstract	BACKGROUND: Muscle synergies contribute to scapular position during arm movement. The trapezius and serratus anterior (SA) muscles are the main stabilizers and are therefore the main target muscles of therapeutic exercises. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the current literature investigating the optimal activation ratio of the scapular muscles during a range of closed kinetic chain exercises. METHODS: A systematic review search was conducted to identify studies reporting shoulder electromyography (EMG) activity during rehabilitation exercises in healthy participants. The search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect. The included studies reported closed kinetic chain exercises and the muscle activity as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) or muscle ratios of the lower trapezius (LT), middle trapezius (MT), and SA with respect to the upper trapezius (UT). Muscle ratios were classified as optimal if they were equal to or lower than 0.6, and the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the selected studies. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were included in this review; 7 main exercises and 30 variations of these were reported. The average electromyographic activity of the concentric and eccentric phase was considered. Half Push Up, Push Up Plus, and Scap Protraction exercises showed optimal SA activity (UT/SA < 0.6), while Press Up, Half Push Up, and One Hand Plank exercises showed optimal LT activity (UT/LT < 0.6). According to the NOS, 15 studies were classified as moderate methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS: The exercises in higher positions (e.g. exercises with the trunk closest to the vertical line) or unstable surfaces tend to favor UT activity over the MT, LT and SA. The exercises including scapular retraction showed optimal UT/MT and UT/LT ratios, while those including scapular protraction showed optimal UT/SA ratios. This will assist therapists in the correct selection of exercises for shoulder rehabilitation.	es_CL
dc.language.iso	en	es_CL
dc.rights	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Chile	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/cl/	*
dc.source	Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 34(1), 3-16	es_CL
dc.subject	Kinetic chain	es_CL
dc.subject	Scapula	es_CL
dc.subject	Rehabilitation	es_CL
dc.subject	Physical therapy	es_CL
dc.subject	Exercise	es_CL
dc.subject	Electromyography	es_CL
dc.title	Optimal activation ratio of the scapular muscles in closed kinetic chain shoulder exercises: A systematic review	es_CL
dc.type	Article	es_CL
dc.ucm.facultad	Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud	es_CL
dc.ucm.indexacion	Scopus	es_CL
dc.ucm.indexacion	Isi	es_CL
dc.ucm.doi	doi.org/10.3233/BMR-191771	es_CL