Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in human breast milk in Chile: A pilot study

Foerster, Claudia; Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana A.; Enríquez, Pedro; Rojas, Jacqueline; Zamora, Claudia; Muñoz, Ximena; Pancetti, Floria; Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa; Lucero-Mondaca, Boris; Saracini, Chiara; Salas, Claudio; Cortés, Sandra

Mostrar el registro sencillo de la publicación

dc.contributor.author	Foerster, Claudia
dc.contributor.author	Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana A.
dc.contributor.author	Enríquez, Pedro
dc.contributor.author	Rojas, Jacqueline
dc.contributor.author	Zamora, Claudia
dc.contributor.author	Muñoz, Ximena
dc.contributor.author	Pancetti, Floria
dc.contributor.author	Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa
dc.contributor.author	Lucero-Mondaca, Boris
dc.contributor.author	Saracini, Chiara
dc.contributor.author	Salas, Claudio
dc.contributor.author	Cortés, Sandra
dc.date.accessioned	2022-01-28T17:12:25Z
dc.date.available	2022-01-28T17:12:25Z
dc.date.issued	2021
dc.identifier.uri	http://repositorio.ucm.cl/handle/ucm/3766
dc.description.abstract	Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that resist biochemical degradation, moving long distances across the atmosphere before deposition occurs. Our goal was to provide up-to-date data on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in breast milk from Chilean women and to estimate the exposure of infants due to breast milk consumption. In Chile, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on methodologies proposed by the WHO, with a sample of 30 women recruited from three defined areas: 10 from the Arica Region (urban; Arica and Parinacota Region), 10 from Coltauco (rural; O’Higgins Region), and 10 from Molina (40% rural; Maule Region). High-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was performed on pooled samples from each area. We calculated equivalent toxic concentrations (WHO-TEQ) based on the current WHO Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEF). The minimum and maximum values of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs-TEQ were 4.317 pg TEQ/g fat in Coltauco and 6.31 pg TEQ/g fat in Arica. Molina had a total TEQ of 5.50 pg TEQ/g fat. The contribution of PCDD/Fs was approximately five-fold higher than that of DL-PCBs. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs based on the three pooled samples ranged between 6.71 and 26.28 pg TEQ/kg body weight (bw)/day, with a mean intake of 16.11 (±6.71) pg TEQ/kg bw/day in breastfed children from 0 to 24 months old. These levels were lower than those reported in international studies. Despite the fact that the observed levels were low compared to those in most industrialized countries, the detection of a variety of POPs in breast milk from Chilean women indicates the need for follow-up studies to determine whether such exposures during childhood could represent a health risk in adulthood.	es_CL
dc.language.iso	en	es_CL
dc.rights	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Chile	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/cl/	*
dc.source	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4825	es_CL
dc.subject	Persistent organic pollutant	es_CL
dc.subject	Dioxins	es_CL
dc.subject	Furans	es_CL
dc.subject	Human breast milk	es_CL
dc.subject	Infant exposure	es_CL
dc.subject	Chile	es_CL
dc.title	Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in human breast milk in Chile: A pilot study	es_CL
dc.type	Article	es_CL
dc.ucm.facultad	Facultad de Medicina	es_CL
dc.ucm.indexacion	Scopus	es_CL
dc.ucm.indexacion	Isi	es_CL
dc.ucm.uri	www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/9/4825	es_CL
dc.ucm.doi	doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094825	es_CL