SARS-CoV-2 genetic and immunology insights: what does the scientific community know so far?
Author
Cabrera Ayala, Macarena
Salazar-Viedma, M.
D'Afonseca, Vívian
Date
2022Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
The challenge presented by the SARS-CoV-2
pathogen has changed the global perception about virus diseases. In
Wuhan, China the first case of the disease called COVID-19
(Coronavirus Disease 2019) was reported in December 2019 and
quickly reached 215 countries. The pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 virus
has an RNA genome composed of a positive-sense single-strand,
harboring 14 ORFs that encode 50 proteins composed of typical
structural proteins. The spike protein, a surface glycoprotein, is
essential for the invasion of the causal agent of COVID-19 into the
host system. Several variants have specific mutations in protein S that
affect transmission processes, diagnosis, and available therapies.
Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell promotes immunological
dysregulation with increased expression of interferon type 1 and an
exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine event called "cytokine storm". This event is often associated with deleterious outcomes such as
acute respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, substantial
immunological memory can be generated after initial SARS-CoV-2
infection, involving four major cell types, such as anti-spike protein
memory B cells (RBD IgG, IgM), T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and
other molecules, such as antibodies. It is important to collect genetic
and immunological information related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus to
provide a global vision and high quality knowledge about the biology
and this disease in order to develop effective control measures and
treatments.
Fuente
Genetics and Molecular Research, 21(4), gmr19003Identificador DOI
doi.org/10.4238/gmr19003Collections
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