Virulence adaptation by rice planthoppers and leafhoppers to resistance genes and loci: a review

Horgan, Finbarr G.

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dc.contributor.author	Horgan, Finbarr G.
dc.date.accessioned	2024-11-15T14:21:49Z
dc.date.available	2024-11-15T14:21:49Z
dc.date.issued	2024
dc.identifier.uri	http://repositorio.ucm.cl/handle/ucm/5745
dc.description.abstract	In recent decades, research on developing and deploying resistant rice has accelerated due to the availability of modern molecular tools and, in particular, advances in marker-assisted selection. However, progress in understanding virulence adaptation has been relatively slow. This review tracks patterns in virulence adaptation to resistance genes (particularly Bph1, bph2, Bph3, and bph4) and examines the nature of virulence based on selection experiments, responses by virulent populations to differential rice varieties (i.e., varieties with different resistance genes), and breeding experiments that interpret the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation. The review proposes that varietal resistance is best regarded as a combination of minor and major resistance traits against which planthoppers develop partial or complete virulence through heritable improvements that are reversable or through evolutionary adaptation, respectively. Agronomic practices, deployment patterns, and herbivore population pressures determine the rates of adaptation, and there is growing evidence that pesticide detoxification mechanisms can accelerate virulence adaptation. Research to delay adaptation has mainly focused on gene pyramiding (i.e., including ≥ two major genes in a variety) and multilines (i.e., including ≥ two resistant varieties in a field or landscape); however, these strategies have not been adequately tested and, if not managed properly, could inadvertently accelerate adaptation compared to sequential deployment. Several research gaps remain and considerable improvements in research methods are required to better understand and manage virulence adaptation.	es_CL
dc.language.iso	en	es_CL
dc.rights	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Chile	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/cl/	*
dc.source	Insects, 15(9), 652	es_CL
dc.subject	Brown planthopper	es_CL
dc.subject	Endosymbionts	es_CL
dc.subject	Green leafhopper	es_CL
dc.subject	Host plant resistance	es_CL
dc.subject	Microbiome	es_CL
dc.subject	Yeast-like symbionts	es_CL
dc.title	Virulence adaptation by rice planthoppers and leafhoppers to resistance genes and loci: a review	es_CL
dc.type	Article	es_CL
dc.ucm.facultad	Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales	es_CL
dc.ucm.indexacion	Scopus	es_CL
dc.ucm.indexacion	Isi	es_CL
dc.ucm.uri	mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/9/652	es_CL
dc.ucm.doi	doi.org/10.3390/insects15090652	es_CL